[167] Winter cold spells are usually the result of cold continental air coming south from Canada. [212] The state was sued in 2004 because of lack of funding, and the state has increased its support of the program. [210] South Dakota passed similar legislation in 2007, and Wisconsin was working to strengthen its own program based on this modeland the current practices of Montana's schools. [199] Of Montana's 20 largest cities, Polson (15.7%), Havre (13.0%), Great Falls (5.0%), Billings (4.4%), and Anaconda (3.1%) had the greatest percentages of Native American residents in 2010. The mountains can receive over 100 inches (2,500mm), for example the Grinnell Glacier in Glacier National Park gets 105 inches (2,700mm). Montanans have been a part of several major sporting achievements: Montana provides year-round outdoor recreation opportunities for residents and visitors. The Montana Worker's Compensation Court was established by the Montana Workers' Compensation Act in 1975. The front is often well defined, causing a large temperature drop in a 24-hour period. The base also hosted the 29th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, Air Defense Command from 1953 to 1968. Montana has many mountains in the western half of the state. Montana is the sixth coldest state in the nation and the eastern section of big sky country sees the chilliest winter temps. [citation needed], The Hutterites, an Anabaptist sect originally from Switzerland, settled in Montana, and today is second only to South Dakota in U.S. Hutterite population, with several colonies across the state. Elections in the state have been historically competitive, particularly for state-level offices. The historically mining-oriented communities of western Montana such as Butte have a wider range of European-American ethnicity; Finns, Eastern Europeans and especially Irish settlers left an indelible mark on the area, as well as people originally from British mining regions such as Cornwall, Devon, and Wales. [238] Schools started forming in the area before it was officially a territory as families started settling into the area. With all water features included, Montanas total area is 147,040 square miles. Indigenous peoples in the region were also decimated by diseases introduced by fur traders to which they had no immunity. On January 15, 1972, a chinook wind blew in and the temperature rose from 54 to 49F (47.8 to 9.4C). Heavy snowstorms may occur from September through May, though most snow falls from November to March. Montana is a mountainous, landlocked US state east of the Bitterroot Range of the Rocky Mountains and south of Canada. The state provides epic scenery, crowd-free terrain, a burgeoning food and drink scene, and some of Americas most breathtakingly stunning national parks. Its capital is Helena. [77] Most of Montana's hundred or more named mountain ranges are in the state's western half, most of which is geologically and geographically part of the northern Rocky Mountains. This created Montana's 1st congressional district in the west and Montana's 2nd congressional district in the east. More than 40 spent time in prison. The highest observed summer temperature was 117F or 47.2C at Glendive on July 20, 1893, and Medicine Lake on July 5, 1937. She referred to Butte throughout the rest of her career and remains a controversial figure there for her mixture of criticism and love for Butte and its people. [172][176] According to a study done for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Science, parts of Montana will experience a 200% increase in area burned by wildfires and an 80% increase in related air pollution.[178][179]. Sarah Raymond was paid $125 per month, and Mrs. Farley was paid $75 per month. He gave some speeches with inflammatory antiwar rhetoric. Many Native Americans were among those who served, including soldiers from the Crow Nation who became Code Talkers. Montana has no official nickname but several unofficial ones, most notably "Big Sky Country", "The Treasure State", "Land of the Shining Mountains", and "The Last Best Place". For other uses, see, "Montanan" redirects here. Everyone wants the money and This extremely disproportionate ratio of residents paying taxes vs. non-residents using state-funded services and infrastructure makes Montana's resort tax crucial in order to safely maintain heavily used roads and highways, as well as protect and preserve state parks. The geographic center of population of Montana is in sparsely populated Meagher County, in the town of White Sulphur Springs. With an area of 147,040 square miles (380,800km2),[1] Montana is slightly larger than Japan. With all water features included, Montanas total area is 147,040 square miles. The 1889 constitution mimicked the structure of the United States Constitution, as well as outlining almost the same civil and political rights for citizens. Its size is comparable to countries such as Norway, Zimbabwe, and Japan. The smaller Pend d'Oreille and Kalispel tribes lived near Flathead Lake and the western mountains, respectively. Montana", "Montana | Capital, Population, Climate, Map, & Facts", Canadian Council for Geographic Education 2013, Geographical Dictionary Of The World 1900, Waterbody Report-Clarks Fork Yellowstone River 2013, "Montana's wolf population remains strong", "Historical Population Change Data (19102020)", University of Montana, Bureau of Business and Economic Research 2011, "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Montana; United States", "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States", "Population of Montana - Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts", Census Bureau-Annual Estimates of Race 2012, Montana Office of Public Instruction 2009, "Montana Constitution, Article X, section 1", "Montana Schools Try to Keep Indian Students Engaged by Teaching Indian Culture to All", "National Vital Statistics Reports Volume 64, Number 1, January 15, 2015", "National Vital Statistics Reports, Volume 64, Number 12, December 23, 2015 (The general fertility rate for 2014 on page 4 was corrected to read 62.9 on December 23, 2015. Her actions were widely criticized in Montana, where support for the war and patriotism was strong. However, farmers faced a number of problems. Our university's continued excellence is reliant on the generosity of alumni, friends, parents, faculty and staff. View Montana Towns By Population. [222] Other languages spoken in Montana (as of 2013) include Assiniboine (about 150 speakers in Montana and Canada), Blackfoot (about 100 speakers), Cheyenne (about 1,700 speakers), Plains Cree (about 100 speakers), Crow (about 3,000 speakers), Dakota (about 18,800 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota), German Hutterite (about 5,600 speakers), Gros Ventre (about 10 speakers), Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille (about 64 speakers), Kutenai (about six speakers), and Lakota (about 6,000 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota). Montana public health agencies continue to assist communities in responding to COVID-19. The Office of the Commissioner of Higher Education acts in an executive capacity on behalf of the regents and oversees the state-run Montana University System. The state spans from below the 45th parallel (the line equidistant between the equator and North Pole) to the 49th parallel, and elevations range from under 2,000 feet (610m) to nearly 13,000 feet (4,000m) above sea level. The transcontinental GNR was completed on January 6, 1893, at Scenic, Washington[38] and is known as the Hi Line, being the northern most transcontinental rail line in the United States. Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. Baseball is the minor-league sport with the longest heritage in the state and Montana is home to three independent teams, all members of the Pioneer League: the Billings Mustangs, Great Falls Voyagers, and Missoula PaddleHeads. The deadline for a legislator to introduce an appropriations, revenue, or referendum bill is the 62nd legislative day. Montana's Official State Website - Home Featured Resources Election Results File Your Tax Return or Where's my Refund File Upload for W-2s, 1099s & MW-3s Montana REAL ID File an Unemployment Claim Online Driver License Renewal Education Donation Portal Search for a Job Renew your Professional License Hunting Information Register A Business [306] In 1914, Montana granted women the vote. [203], Montana's Hispanic population is concentrated in the Billings area in south-central Montana, where many of Montana's Mexican-Americans have been in the state for generations. The extraordinary discoveries and reports from these expeditions led to the creation of Yellowstone National Park in 1872. Evelyn Cameron, a naturalist and photographer from Terry documented early 20th-century life on the Montana prairie, taking startlingly clear pictures of everything around her: cowboys, sheepherders, weddings, river crossings, freight wagons, people working, badlands, eagles, coyotes and wolves. In addition, there are over 200 unincorporated communities spread across the state. The wheat farms in eastern Montana make the state a major producer; the wheat has a relatively high protein content, thus commands premium prices. Glendive, Great Falls, Havre City, Lewis Town, and Miles City are located east of the Continental Divide and experience a semi-arid steppe climate. 624 sqft. Historically, U.S. Route 10 was the primary eastwest highway route across Montana, connecting the major cities in the southern half of the state. [206], About 66,000 people of Native American heritage live in Montana. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. [188] The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415. The state also has a small Mtis population and 1990 census data indicated that people from as many as 275 different tribes lived in Montana. New - 6 hours ago. [62] In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means. 1675 Montana Highway 206, Columbia Falls, MT 59912. [53] Also, most settlers were from wetter regions, unprepared for the dry climate, lack of trees, and scarce water resources. The first claim by a woman was made near Warm Springs Creek by Gwenllian Evans, the daughter of Deer Lodge Montana pioneer, Morgan Evans. Browse by Montana counties. The legislature meets in the Montana State Capitol in Helena in odd-numbered years for 90 days, beginning the first weekday of the year. Painter and sculptor Charles Marion Russell, known as "the cowboy artist", created more than 2,000 paintings of cowboys, Native Americans, and landscapes set in the Western United States and in Alberta, Canada. [202] Many of Montana's historic logging communities originally attracted people of Scottish, Scandinavian, Slavic, English, and Scots-Irish descent. [245] The C. M. Russell Museum Complex in Great Falls, Montana, houses more than 2,000 Russell artworks, personal objects, and artifacts. 1675 Montana Highway 206, Columbia Falls, MT 59912. Other major northsouth highways include U.S. [168] An area southwest of Belfry averaged only 6.59 inches (167mm) over a 16-year period. [128], East of the divide the Missouri River, which is formed by the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin Rivers near Three Forks,[129] flows due north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls. Go Find Out Go Find Out, In Montana Montana is the kind of place that, just at the mention of it, sparks curiosity and fuels adventure. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service administers 16,800,000 acres (68,000km2) of forest land in ten National Forests. [319] Also notable is Representative (later Senator) Thomas H. Carter, the first Catholic to serve as chairman of the Republican National Committee (from 1892 to 1896).[320]. GENERAL PROVISIONS Part 5. [234], In the 1980s the absence of a sales tax became economically deleterious to communities bound to the state's tourism industry, as the revenue from income and property taxes provided by residents was grossly insignificant in regards to paying for the impact of non-residential travelespecially road repair. (The Public Service Commission's jurisdiction is statewide.). [55], As World War I broke out, Jeannette Rankin, representative of Montana and the first woman in the United States to be a member of Congress, voted against the United States' declaration of war. The students were Indian children and the children of Fort Owen employees. Montana contains Glacier National Park, "The Crown of the Continent", and parts of Yellowstone National Park, including three of the park's five entrances. [294] As of August 2013, there are 527 FCC-licensed FM radio stations broadcast in Montana, with 114 such AM stations. The Montana Water Court was established by the Montana Water Court Act of 1979. The organization is an outreach endeavor that is part of the College of Arts & Architecture at Montana State University, Bozeman. They are not term-limited. [281] There are 24 areas where snowmobile trails are maintained, most also offering ungroomed trails. [160] Montana hosts five federally endangered speciesblack-footed ferret, whooping crane, least tern, pallid sturgeon, and white sturgeon and seven threatened species including the grizzly bear, Canadian lynx, and bull trout. [295][296], During the age of the Copper Kings, each Montana copper company had its own newspaper. [305] Montana voters amended the 1889 constitution 37 times between 1889 and 1972. Most of the eastern part of the state is prairie. March 2 March 4, 2023. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Montana statehood until February 1889 and President Grover Cleveland signed an omnibus bill granting statehood to Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Washington once the appropriate state constitutions were crafted. Democrats hold one of the state's two U.S. Senate seats with Jon Tester. State Symbols Official Designations", "St. Mary's Mission in Stevensville designated National Historic District", "Tester Asks Navy to Christen Submarine USS Montana", "Threatened, Endangered and Candidate Species in Montana-Endangered Species Act", "Trapping and Furbearer Management in Montana", "Upper Yellowstone River Mapping Project", "USGS Geonames Search Result-Montana+Stream", "Vermont Remains Top State in Capita per Brewery", "Welcome to the Montana High School Association", "Welcome to the World Ski Joring Championships", "Yellowstone in Winter: Current Management and Planning", List of Searchable Databases Produced by Montana State Agencies, Montana Energy Data & StatisticsFrom the U.S. Department of Energy, Montana State Facts From the U.S. Department of Agriculture, USGS Real-time, Geographic, and Other Scientific Resources of Montana, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montana&oldid=1134416842, States and territories established in 1889, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2020, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from June 2014, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from November 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from August 2021, Articles needing additional references from February 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles with dead external links from February 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from January 2023, Articles with self-published sources from December 2017, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Total employer establishments: 38,720 (As of 2018. [315], Montana has three branches of state government: legislative, executive, and judicial. [49] Homesteaders arriving in this period were known as "Honyockers", or "scissorbills". For the song by Chris Whitley, see, Map of the United States with Montana highlighted, Reporting statehood from Helena: Full article text is. Yes, it certainly is for those looking for wide open spaces and easy access to natural wonders like the Rocky Mountains and Glacier National Park, Montana can be the ideal place to raise a family or to start your educational Journey at Montana State University in beautiful Bozeman. Its decisions may be appealed directly to the U.S. Supreme Court. The 38th Annual Montana Aviation Conference will be held at the Billings Hotel and Convention Center located at 1223 Mullowney Lane, Billngs, Montana 59101. It also applies to "luxuries"- defined by law as any item normally sold to the public or to transient visitors or tourists that does not include food purchased unprepared or unserved, medicine, medical supplies and services, appliances, hardware supplies and tools, or any necessities of life. View Montana Towns By Population. Historically, Republicans are strongest in the east, while Democrats are strongest in the west. The Montana Senate is, as of 2021, controlled by Republicans 31 to 19, and the House of Representatives is currently 67 to 33. Montana is the home of the Federation of Fly Fishers and hosts many of the organization's annual conclaves. [66] Little's murder and the strikes that followed resulted in the National Guard being sent to Butte to restore order. [10] The name Montana was added in 1863 to a bill by the United States House Committee on Territories (chaired at the time by James Ashley of Ohio) for the territory that would become Idaho Territory. [208], Montana's Constitution specifically reads, "the state recognizes the distinct and unique cultural heritage of the American Indians and is committed in its educational goals to the preservation of their cultural integrity. Lewistown is also surrounded by five mountain ranges. [311] Major amendments include establishment of a reclamation trust (funded by taxes on natural resource extraction) to restore mined land (1974); restoration of sovereign immunity, when such immunity has been approved by a two-thirds vote in each house (1974); establishment of a 90-day biennial (rather than annual) legislative session (1974); establishment of a coal tax trust fund, funded by a tax on coal extraction (1976); conversion of the mandatory decennial review of county government into a voluntary one, to be approved or disallowed by residents in each county (1978); conversion of the provision of public assistance from a mandatory civil right to a non-fundamental legislative prerogative (1988);[312] a new constitutional right to hunt and fish (2004); a prohibition on gay marriage (2004); and a prohibition on new taxes on the sale or transfer of real property (2010). Neither justices nor the clerk is term-limited. [291] However, public opinion grew increasingly negative towards them in the 1890s, and nearly half of the state's Asian population left by 1900. Montana and Canada share a 545-mile part of the worlds longest undefended (which means there are no soldiers or armies on either side) border. Three former Montana politicians have been named judges on the U.S. District Court: Charles Nelson Pray (who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1907 to 1913), James F. Battin (who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1961 to 1969), and Paul G. Hatfield (who served as an appointed U.S. Section of big sky country sees the chilliest Winter temps Command from 1953 to 1968 is of! From September through may, though most snow Falls from November to March 9.4C ) have been part. ] Winter cold spells are usually the result of cold continental air coming south Canada... 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