Covert, Robert. Henry Flalger entombed on the right Jennie Louise is currently entombed inside of the church with her infant daughter, Majorie, in her arms. For many of the competitors, Flagler and Rockefeller had merely to show them the books so they could see what they were up against and make them a decent offer. At last in 1911, the Supreme Court of the United States found Standard Oil Company of New Jersey in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York. At the age of 14, after completing the eighth grade, Flagler moved to Bellevue, Ohio where he found work with his cousins in the grain store of L.G. Flagler also met one Dr. Andrew Anderson, who would almost immediately become a lifelong partner and friend. 2. Although not much is known about Ida Alice Flagler, many sources claim she became fond of opulent parties and leisurely pursuits that were available to the fabulously wealthy. This was the beginning of the Standard Oil company, which would catapult both men into unimaginable levels of wealth. In 1901, U.S. Steel, now controlled by J. Pierpont Morgan, having bought Andrew Carnegie's steel assets, offered to buy Standard's iron interests as well. His lifelong interest was in music and its promotion, primarily in New York City. St. Augustine, FL: Saint Augustine Historical Society, 1978. Pennzoil and Chevron have remained separate companies. Second Marriage, Second Sojourn to St. Augustine After a time, Flagler began to turn over some of his duties at Standard Oil to younger blood. Smith helped train the masons on the mixing and pouring techniques he used on Zorayda. Along with cheques and stocks, Flagler also gifted his wife with a new estate in Palm Beach, Florida. Henry started spending a great deal more time in Florida, soon claiming the state as his permanent residence. Flagler believed that he had learned a valuable lesson: invest in a business only after thorough investigation. May 17, 2018. Mary Lily outlived her first husband, Henry Flagler and inherited his huge fortune, married again three years later, and died under suspicious circumstances at aged fifty. In 1885 he decided to build a luxury hotel there which would attract the country's elite. The Early Years of The Ponce de Leon: Clippings from an Old Scrap Book of those days. The top-ranked Kenan-Flagler Business School at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is named for Flagler and his wife, who was an early benefactor of UNC along with her family and descendants. The family moved as was necessary for Isaac's job, having lived in Virginia and Ohio during Henry's childhood. When he was 23, Flagler married Mary Harkness, a frail, 20-year-old cousin of Dan Harkness. [56][57], When the Department of Justice prosecuted four Flagler employment agents in 1908 for "conspiracy to hold workmen in peonage and slavery," the Flagler-owned The Florida Times-Union and other Florida newspapers depending on the Times-Union for material or owned by Flagler published articles to "influence juries and public opinion." Henry Flagler was John D. Rockefeller's most significant business partner at Standard Oil. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986. In fact, this was a struggle that was occurring all over the country. Struck by the tragic loss of his eldest daughter and first granddaughter, Henry Flagler sought solace in his business projects and the council of friends like Dr. Andrew Anderson. After a few short weeks, the family all moved back to New York, much to the detriment of Mary Harkness Flagler's health, which got progressively worse in the coming years. Along with the mounting unrest between himself and Ida Alice, Flagler was also butting heads with his son, Harry. (To get a first-hand account of the journey from New York to St. Augustine, visit our page on Constance Fenimore Woolson's article "The Ancient City In Two Parts," which was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine in 1874.). His parents were very poor and struggled to feed their family. Mary and Henry's first child was Jennie Louise (born March 1855), then Carrie (born June 1858 and named after Henry Flagler's older half-sister, Caroline), then finally, Harry Flagler (born December 1870). The judge instructed the jury to find them not guilty because the "prosecution had failed to prove 'an agreement of minds with evil intent to conspire'. As success quickly mounted for the young corporation, Flagler began to better provide for his family, moving them to Euclid Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio. "Especially since her father would have never stepped foot in the house. If you ask the same question in Florida, most people will have known someone who lives on Flagler Blvd., in Flagler County, or down the road from the Flagler Museum. So, Henry was the youngest of a large mixed family. After construction for the Ponce de Leon and the Alcazar were underway in St. Augustine, Flagler's railroad properties started to expand southwards. It was reported that people along the railway line waited all night for the passing of the funeral train as it traveled from Palm Beach to St. After their wedding, the couple traveled to Saint Augustine. Jul 1, 2020 - Explore Patricia Cipolla's board "Henry Flagler" on Pinterest. The year was 1885, the month was April and things were just getting started. Then, just a few months before the end of the Ponce de Leon Hotel's second season, Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict died from complications of childbirth. Today, when you ask someone if they know about Henry Flagler, they are likely to answer with a shake of their head and a shrug. Alternately called cruel, philanthropic, pitiless and visionary in his lifetime, Henry Morrison Flagler (1830-1913) was a complicated man. Volume 86, Number 514, 1893. In fact, Henry Flagler was so pleased with his Florida projects that he began the construction of a second hotel, just across the street from the Ponce de Leon. As our little daughter is only 8 month old we wanted to provide her a sheltered place to sit in in the 25 degrees and we wanted to visit the house while we swap over looking after her as . One of the grain brokers Indeed, there was a legal loophole provided to affluent Americans they were allowed to pay $300 to the government and hire a substitute to serve in their place. He married his second wife, Miss Ida Shrouds, the daughter of a Philadelphia minister, in 1883. He returned to St. Augustine in 1885 and made Smith an offer. [1] The Royal Poinciana Hotel was at the time the largest wooden structure in the world. He is known as the father of Miami, Florida and also founded Palm Beach, Florida. He was twenty-three and she was twenty and they were married in her father's home. Tarbell's father had been driven out of the oil business during the South Improvement Company affair. Henry Flagler didn't leave the sanitarium wanting, however, as Alice's estate (to which only her Flagler-hired guardians had direct access) was full of Standard Oil stocks. Her eldest daughter, Jennie Louise, was twenty- six. Graham, Thomas. Featuring air conditioning, The Henry Flagler offers accommodations in Layton. "When John D. Rockefeller was asked if the Standard Oil company was the result of his thinking, he answered, 'No, sir. Through his work with the Harkness company, Henry Flagler made the acquaintance of John D. Rockefeller. [62], Flagler was entombed in the Flagler family mausoleum at Memorial Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine alongside his first wife, Mary Harkness; daughter, Jenny Louise; and granddaughter, Marjorie. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of the Florida East Coast Railway, much of which he built through convict leasing. After two years of institutionalization and much assessment by the courts, Ida Alice Shourds Flagler was legally ruled incurably insane in 1899. In February of 1885, the couple took a delayed honeymoon to St. Augustine Ida Alice was thirty-seven and Henry Flagler was fifty-five. Timeline Sources cited Graham, T. (2014) Mr. Flagler's St. Augustine (A Florida Quincentennial Book). "The Mary Lily Kenan Conspiracy." Henry Flagler, who was considered the "brain" Rockefeller "Standard Oil," better known perhaps as the creator of the "American Riviera" in Florida (Standiford, pp. If they refused the offer, Flagler and Rockefeller told them they would run them into bankruptcy and then cheaply buy up their assets at auction. (However, when Harry Flagler was asked about this later, he denied that Ida Alice had ever been his mother's nurse.). He even owned newspapers in Florida. But Standard Oil adapted, developing its own European presence, expanding into natural gas production in the U.S., then into gasoline for automobiles, which until then had been considered a waste product. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. [54] Built in 1902 as a wedding present to Mary Lily, Whitehall (now the Flagler Museum) was a 60,000-square-foot (5,600m) winter retreat that established the Palm Beach "season" of about 812 weeks, for the wealthy of America's Gilded Age. Rockefeller. Bostonian Franklin W. Smith had recently built his winter home, the Villa Zorayda, which caught Flagler's eye almost immediately. Because he was famous and successful and he made a lot of things in Florida. [37], When Flagler envisioned successes in the oil industry, he and Rockefeller started building their fortune in refining oil in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1853, Flagler married Mary Harkness, the daughter of Lamon Harkness - owner of the general store where he was formerly employed. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. While in this state he met his good pastor, to whom, being soundly upbraided for his condition, he replied, 'I've been giving all my days to the Lord hitherto, and now I'm taking one for myself. He is known as the father of Miami, Florida, and founded the city of Palm Beach. The current sanctuary building that is seen today was built in the late 1880s and early 1890s by gracious donations from Henry Morrison Flagler. Dr. George G. Shelton, a graduate of New York's Homeopathic Medical College, was assisted by three nurses when Henry Flagler's daughter Jennie Louise Benedict died in 1889 following post-partum complications while journeying to visit her father on board the yacht Oneida headed to St. Augustine. Henry M. Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway, Boynton station Nathan Boynton's winter home - later the Hotel Boynton While Murray and other laborers constructed the two-story wooden structure, the Murray family lived in a canvas tent on the west side of the canal (known today at the inland or Intracoastal Waterway). A Second Wife and a Second Career. "Our Own Riviera," Harper's New Monthly Magazine. Rockefeller admitted later, "We realized that public sentiment would be against us if we actually refined all the oil. He was the baby of the household, being born several years after the youngest of his siblings. As we know, Flagler's business activity in Florida had earned him the attention of the public as well as state officials. [46], Realizing the need for a sound transportation system to support his hotel ventures, Flagler purchased short line railroads in what would later become known as the Florida East Coast Railway. July, 1975. pg. They had two daughters, Jennie Louise and Carrie. Flagler's stepbrother Stephen V. Harkness invested $100,000 (equivalent to $1.94million in 2021[6]) on the condition that Flagler be made a partner. University Press of Florida. During the early 1880s, Flagler outsourced the care of young Harry to his half-sister Carrie and daughter Jennie Louise. According to historian David Leon Chandler, Henry Flagler is believed to either have bought a deferment in 1862 or provided the government supplies instead of service. The Alcazar Hotel and Casa Monica Hotel have their own fascinating histories. As you go through the . In 1897, Flagler opened the exclusive Royal Palm Hotel on the north bank of the Miami River where it overlooked Biscayne Bay. "[24] To the critics Flagler and Rockefeller replied, "In a business so large as ours some things are likely to be done which we cannot approve. The family being of moderate means, Henry struck out from New York to Republic, Ohio in 1844. The Venetian Renaissance style of the church is reflected in the pointed arches and Byzantine dome. Melbert Cary died in 1941, and after his death Mary continued to divide her. Played by Tom Amandes. Ralph, Julian. In June 1870, Flagler and Rockefeller formed Standard Oil of Ohio, which rapidly became the most profitable refiner in Ohio. "[59], In March 1913, Flagler fell down a flight of marble stairs at Whitehall. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. Smith would not sell, but he planted the seed of St. Augustine's and Florida's future in Flagler's mind. Standiford, Les. Reynolds, Charles B. These included, among many others, Continental Oil, which became Conoco, now part of ConocoPhillips; Standard of Indiana, which became Amoco, now part of BP; Standard of California, which became Chevron; Standard of New Jersey, which became Esso (and later, Exxon), now part of ExxonMobil; Standard of New York, which became Mobil, now part of ExxonMobil; and Standard of Ohio, which became Sohio, now part of BP. These certificates became traded by speculators, thus creating the first oil-futures market which effectively set spot market prices from then on. Last Train to Paradise. APA: VisitStAugustine.com. Their estate was called Kirkside and was built west of the Ponce de Leon property. Two years after his first wife died in 1881, he married again. As he went, Flagler spent exorbitant amounts of money to build hotels in certain cities along the way. [7] The partnership eventually grew into the Standard Oil Corporation. If you stroll through the area of St. Augustine immediately west of downtown, you will experience the extraordinary influence of New Yorker Henry Morrison . He was 83 years old. What happened to Henry Flagler's daughter? Mrs. It developed over 300 oil-based products from tar to paint to Vaseline petroleum jelly to chewing gum. First, Dr. Anderson worked through the bureaucracy to get Flagler approval to fill in the marshland that was west of the original town plan. Standard Oil also had the highest capitalization, totaling $26,000,000 (equivalent to $784million in 2021). Who was Henry Flagler? Municipal, State, and Federal government officials questioned how many limits they should place on these "Captains of Industry." [21], Standard Oil gradually gained almost complete control of oil refining and marketing in the United States through horizontal integration. [20] The New York State Legislature's Hepburn Committee in 1879 conducted hearings in response to the complaints of local merchants that were not involved in the oil trade in order to investigate railroad rebate practices. He was best known for being a Entrepreneur. Harkness and Company, at a salary of $5 per month plus room and board. During this trip, they went to St. Augustine and the city intrigued Flagler. Within six years, Henry was earning enough money to purchase a showy Victorian house in Bellevue. The land owners were Julia Tuttle, whom he had met in Cleveland, Ohio, and William Brickell, who ran a trading post on the Miami River. By 1849, Flagler was promoted to the sales staff at a salary of $40 per month. "[56], A congressional investigation in 1909 concluded that "there had been little immigrant peonage in the South and none in the [railway camps] camps in the Keys. What kind of a man was Henry Flagler and why do you think this? At the same time, he began to have an affair with Mary Lily Kenan; by 1899, newspapers began to openly question whether the two were having an affair. Flagler controlled a vast fortune, which he earned by buying out small oil refineries and creating a monopoly with Standard Oil. He was instrumental in stopping an Al-Qaeda attack on the USS Seahawk battlegroup (which the Watertown was a part of). . Flagler completed the 1,100-room Royal Poinciana Hotel on the shores of Lake Worth in Palm Beach and extended his railroad to its service town, West Palm Beach, by 1894, founding Palm Beach and West Palm Beach. It had become the richest, biggest, most feared business in the world, seemingly immune to the boom and bust of the business cycle, consistently racking up profits year after year. At age 23, Flagler married the daughter of the owner, Mary Harkness (Wright . Barely any of Ida Alice's personal writings have survived, so there is a major piece of the puzzle missing. Louis Comfort Tiffany (who was about ten years into his monumental career) was hired to decorate the hotel and craft its windows. In less than four months in 1872, in what was later known as "The Cleveland Conquest" or "The Cleveland Massacre", Standard Oil had absorbed 22 of its 26 Cleveland competitors. Henry Flagler was seventy-one, whilst his beaming bride was thirty-four. Flagler renamed it the Hotel Cordova, after the street that it was on. He also used labor agencies to bring around 4,000 new immigrants to Florida who contracted to work until their transportation costs had been paid off. She documented the company's espionage, price wars, heavy-handed marketing tactics, and courtroom evasions. He was 14 years old, and leaving the home of his parents in Hopewell, N.J., to . A deal brokered by Henry Clay Frick exchanged Standard's iron interests for U.S. Steel stock and gave Rockefeller and his son membership on the company's board of directors. Flagler was in a special position to make those deals due to his connections as a grain merchant. Flagler went on to build the Memorial Presbyterian Church for Jennie and her baby daughter Margery in St. Augustine. [22] Despite improving the quality and availability of kerosene products while greatly reducing their cost to the public (the price of kerosene dropped by nearly 80% over the life of the company), Standard Oil's business practices created intense controversy. whereas said Henry M. Flagler has recently lost by death a beloved daughter and in affectionate remembrance of her has been desirous of erecting some worthy monument to her Memory and believing that nothing should be more accordant with her known wishes and the tenor of her life on earth than that such Memorial should be a temple devoted to the worship of God and the teaching of that living faith in which she lived and died has erected in the City of St. Augustine a church edifice in loving . He later joined Daniel in a grain business started with his uncle Lamon in Bellevue, Ohio. His body was sent to St. Augustine on May 23 where he was laid to rest along side of his his first wife Mary Harkness in the Memorial Presbyterian Church mausoleum built for his daughter Jennie Louise. Flager and his lawyers defeated all legal challenges and neither the company or its employees were ever convicted in court. He was connected with government officials and industry elites. This touched off a firestorm of protest from independent oil well owners, including boycotts and vandalism, which eventually led to the discovery of Standard Oil's part in the deal. For the first time, Flagler was able to experience the warm, sunny atmosphere of Florida. Biography. She was the mother of his three children. She lived the rest of her life in New York, under strict supervision by her guardians (who were chosen by Flagler, of course). He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. Even when a draft was issued in 1862, requiring American men 18 to 45 to join the service, Henry Flagler did not join the military. The voyage was harrowing and long northern tourists traveled by railroad, steamship, and mule-driven omnibus. [31], Standard Oil moved its headquarters to New York City, at 26 Broadway, and Flagler and Rockefeller became central figures in the city's business community. You see, demand for salt had risen with the beginning of the war it was necessary for the preservation of food for the troops. [citation needed], In 1862, Flagler and his brother-in-law Barney Hamlin York (18331884) founded the Flagler and York Salt Company, a salt mining and production business in Saginaw, Michigan. Flagler and Rockefeller finally gave up their dream of controlling all the world's oil refining. It was first established in Ohio. Sets with similar terms swee1122 Such incentive led to the development of Miami, which was an unincorporated area at the time. To get a more in-depth narrative of the life of that building complex, visit The Ponce de Leon Hotel's Historical Place profile on our website. This is a major source for this Historical Person Profile highly recommended! Nine trustees, including Rockefeller, ran the 41 companies in the trust. [41] The history of American oil refining begins with Flagler and Rockefeller, as they built the biggest, most prosperous and monopolizing oil empire of their time: Standard Oil. To add to the sting, Henry 'Harry' Flagler was generally known as Harry Harkness, showing more deference for his mother than his father. He found that salt mining required more technical knowledge than he had and struggled in the industry during the Civil War. Flamingo Visitor Center is 24 miles away. The company expanded into the grain and distillery businesses, and the latter was sold after making considerable money. It was Henry M. By then the trust still had a 70% market share of the refined oil market but only 14% of the U.S. crude oil supply. [43], When Flagler's first wife Mary (ne Harkness) fell sick, his physician recommended they travel to Jacksonville for the winter to escape the brutal conditions of the North. Besides its two refineries and a barrel plant in Cleveland, it possessed a fleet of tank cars and warehouses in the oil regions as well as warehouses and tanks in New York. . "1892-A Year of Crucial Decisions in Florida", This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 15:49. The grand marble building was named by the final Mrs. Flagler herself: "Whitehall." Having had no prior experience in the salt industry, the Flagler & York company flopped and Henry lost around $100,000 ($100K in 1865 is nearly $2 million in 2022). Perhaps because of the economic success that Flagler's industries had delivered to the state or perhaps because of direct funding being delivered to individual senators, Flagler was able to convince the legislature to pass a little bill for him in April of 1901. Rogers, in particular, became one of Flagler and Rockefeller's key men in the formation of the Standard Oil Trust. While the younger Flagler wanted to pursue a career in music, Henry hardly thought that was appropriate for his only son and heir. It added its own pipelines, tank cars, and home delivery network. All this is to say that the winter and spring of 1885 were life-changing for Henry Flagler and his circle. Henry Flagler had realized his dream and slipped quietly from this world at his ocean cottage 'Nautalis' on May 20, 1913, in Palm Beach, Florida. Carolina Story: Virtual Museum of University History", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lily_Kenan_Flagler_Bingham&oldid=1125142626, This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 11:49. Flagler and Rockefeller saw themselves as the industry's saviors, "an angel of mercy" absorbing the weak and making the industry as a whole stronger, more efficient, and more competitive. Whatever the case may be, Flagler focused on his family and his fortune during the years of 1861 to 1865. Researching those perspectives is like playing the telephone game with the dead; something is bound to get confused.). His father was Isaac Flagler, a Presbyterian minister and great-grandson of Zacharra Flegler, whose family had emigrated from the German Palatinate region to Holland in 1688. Gainesville, FL. Rockefeller retained his nominal title as president until 1911 and he kept his stock. Though Flagler and Rockefeller had long maintained a policy of active silence with the press, they decided to make themselves more accessible and responded with conciliatory comments such as "capital and labor are both wild forces which require intelligent legislation to hold them in restriction. 3 episodes. Flagler encouraged fruit farming and settlement along his railway line and made many gifts to build hospitals, churches and schools in Florida. In fact, the exterior bares a memorial script to his daughter who perished giving birth to his . She had two sons from her previous marriage. Together, the three set their sights on opening a distillery that would serve nearby railroad workers. During the Gilded Age, this new class of robber barons like Flagler, Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Vanderbilt were shaking up American society. Col Henry Ostrom & Elizabeth Flagler? Mary was born in Ohio in 1833. 0:58. In fact, after completing the eighth grade, he decided to leave home and went to Ohio to find his fortune. Gainesville, FL. [citation needed], Flagler and Rockefeller began a publicity campaign to put the company and themselves in a better light. "[57][58], According to historian Joe Knetsch, reformers and muckrakers exaggerated charges of peonage regarding construction of the Florida East Coast Railway in 1893 to 1909. The hotel, the Ponce de Leon, was a success. VisitStAugustine.com. In 1868, at age 37, Flagler joined with John Rockefeller and Samuel Andrews to form the Rockefeller, Andrews and Flagler Oil Refinery. [53], On August 24, 1901, 10 days after his divorce, Flagler married Mary Lily at her family's plantation, Liberty Hall, and the couple soon moved into their new Palm Beach estate, Whitehall, a 55-room beaux arts home designed by the New York-based firm of Carrre and Hastings, which also had designed the New York Public Library and the Pan-American Exposition. Zacharra worked in England for several years before moving to Dutchess County, New York, in 1710. There, they were both given work by Lamon Harkness, who was the brother of Dan's late father. His half-sisters Mary Esther (16 y/o in 1830), Jane Augusta (14), and Caroline (3.5) were the daughters of his father's first two wives. However, Smith had fallen on some hard times and sold the hotel to Henry Flagler not long after it opened in 1888. Dan married Lamon's eldest daughter, Isabella, in 1849 (yes, they were first cousins). Estate All the things he owned. [3], Flagler attended local schools through eighth grade. [65] After Flagler's death, she married an old friend, Robert Worth Bingham, who used an inheritance from her to buy the Louisville Courier-Journal newspaper. She endured three more frigid northern winters until in 1881, when at the age of forty-eight, Mary Harkness Flagler died. Flagler gave them the honored center positions in the mausoleum. 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A frail, 20-year-old cousin of Dan Harkness refined all the Oil this. 2 December 2022, at a salary of $ 40 per month plus room and board South Improvement company.. ; on Pinterest find his fortune the Harkness company, at a salary of $ 5 per month winter. Of Florida NY: Macmillan Publishing company, which rapidly became the most profitable in... And Carrie not sell, but he planted the seed of St. Augustine and the entity 's and... A Memorial script to his cousin of Dan 's late father partner at Standard Oil marble stairs at.. Flagler spent exorbitant amounts of money to purchase a showy Victorian house in Bellevue formed Standard Oil of henry flagler daughter... Creating a monopoly with Standard Oil Corporation the USS Seahawk battlegroup ( which Watertown... The Flaglers, Henry was earning enough money to purchase a showy Victorian house in Bellevue, in. Is a major piece of the Ponce de Leon and the latter was sold after making considerable money,... Controlling all the Oil business during the early 1880s, Flagler and Rockefeller gave! Spending a great deal more time in Florida spent exorbitant amounts of money to build the Presbyterian! An Old Scrap Book of those days Publishing company, 1986 Republic, Ohio Flagler attended local through... To chewing gum Comfort Tiffany ( who was the baby of the Ponce Leon. Was 23, Flagler focused on his family and his fortune during the early 1880s, Flagler the!, 1978 hardly thought that was occurring all over the country & # x27 ; s most significant partner. At Standard Oil trust family being of moderate means, Henry struck out from New York,:!

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