Microbial Activities and Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics in Oil-Contaminated Surface Seawater from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Site. PLoS One, 2012, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034816, (9) Mulet, M., David, Z., Nogales, B., Bosch, R., Lalucat, J. and Garcia-Valdes, E. Pseudomonas Diversity in Crude-Oil-Contaminated Intertidal Sand Samples Obtained after the Prestige Oil Spill. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2011, DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01741-10, (10) Boopathy, R., Shields, S. and Nunna, S. Biogradation of crude oil from the BP oil spill in the marsh sediments of southeast Louisiana, USA. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2012, DOI: NA, (11) Atlas, R. Oil Biodegradation and Bioremediation: A tale of the Two Worst Spills in U.S. History. Environ Sci Technol, 2011, DOI: 10.1021/es2013227, Figure 1: http://www.birdeducation.org/BENBulletin32.htm, Figure 2: http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/0602/BP-oil-spill-Five-outside-the-box-solutions-to-capping-and-cleanup, Figure 3: http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2011/0106/Gulf-oil-spill-study-s-surprising-find-Bacteria-ate-methane-in-three-months, Figure 4: http://www.thelmagazine.com/TheMeasure/archives/2010/05/24/your-pictures-of-the-bp-oil-spill-making-landfall-are-here-and-just-as-hopelessly-tragic-as-youd-feared, From MicrobeWiki, the student-edited microbiology resource, Specific strain of microbes capable of hydrocarbon degradation, Possible topics for further research and direction, http://www.birdeducation.org/BENBulletin32.htm, http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/0602/BP-oil-spill-Five-outside-the-box-solutions-to-capping-and-cleanup, http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2011/0106/Gulf-oil-spill-study-s-surprising-find-Bacteria-ate-methane-in-three-months, http://www.thelmagazine.com/TheMeasure/archives/2010/05/24/your-pictures-of-the-bp-oil-spill-making-landfall-are-here-and-just-as-hopelessly-tragic-as-youd-feared, https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Microbial_Response_to_Deepwater_Horizon_Oil_Spill&oldid=79090. This settlement concludes the largest civil settlement ever awarded. If that proves to be the case, the sheen can be expected to eventually disappear. [81][324] This fund was set aside for natural resource damages, state and local response costs, and individual compensation, but could not be used for fines or penalties. BP responded that the concentrations of oil in the study were a level rarely seen in the Gulf, but The New York Times reported that the BP statement was contradicted by the study.[19]. This page was last edited on 27 December 2012, at 05:17. were used to cleanup after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. [199][200] Fish with oozing sores and lesions were first noted by fishermen in November 2010. [130] Environmental scientists expressed concerns that the dispersants add to the toxicity of a spill, increasing the threat to sea turtles and bluefin tuna. (1) Das, N. and Chandran, P. Microbial Degradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminants: An Overview. Biotechnol Res Int., 2011, DOI: 10.4061/2011/941810, (2) Bik, H., Halanych, K., Sharma, J. and Kelly Thomas, W. Dramatic Shifts in Benthic Microbial Eukaryote Communities following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. PLoS One, 2012, DOI: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0038550, (3) Safina, C. The 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Well Blowout: A Little Hindsight. PLoS Biol, 2011, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001049, (4) Kweon, O., Kim, S., Holland, R., Chen, H., Kim, D., Gao, Y., Yu, L., Baek, S., Baek, D., Ahn, H. and Cerniglia, C. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolic Network in Mycobacterium vanbaaleniiPYR-1. J Bacteriol, 2011, DOI: 10.1128/JB.00215-11, (5) Beazley, M., Martinez, R., Rajan, S., Powell, J., Piceno, Y., Tom, L., Anderson, G., Hazen, T., Nostrand, J., Zhou, J., Mortazavi, B. and Sobecky, P. Micrbial Community Analysis of a Coastal Salt March Affected by the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. PLoS One, 2012, DOI: 101371/journal.pone.0041305, (6) Kostka, J., Prakash, O., Overhalt, W., Green, S., Freyer, G., Canion, A., Delgardio, J., Norton, N., Hazen, T. and Huettel, M. Hydrocarbon-degrading Bacteria and the Bacterial Community Response in Gulf of Mexico Beach Sands Impacted by the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2011, DOI: 10.1128/AEM.05402-11, (7) McGenity, T., Folwell, B., McKew, B. and Sanni, G. Marine crude-oil biodegradation: a central role for interspecies interaction. Aquat Biosyst, 2012, DOI: 10.1186/2046-9063-8-10, (8) Ziervogel, K., McKay, L., Rhodes, B., Osburn, C., Dickson-Brown, J., Arnosti, C. and Teske, A. "[18] Another peer-reviewed study, released in March 2014 and conducted by 17 scientists from the United States and Australia and published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that tuna and amberjack that were exposed to oil from the spill developed deformities of the heart and other organs that would be expected to be fatal or at least life-shortening. [79] On 3 June 2010, BP removed the damaged drilling riser from the top of the blowout preventer and covered the pipe by the cap which connected it to another riser. Dispersants, Bacteria and Illness in the Gulf, "West Siberian research institute to help clean up Deepwater Horizon spill", BP withholds oil spill facts and government lets it, White House and BP legal wrangling: more damage to collaborative work in disaster response, "Deepwater Horizon NOTAM Overview: Air Traffic Organization, System Operations, Security", "Is BP Stopping Journalists from Observing the Oil Slick? On April 20, 2010, the oil drilling rig Deepwater Horizon, operating in the Macondo Prospect in the Gulf of Mexico, exploded and sank resulting in the death of 11 workers on the Deepwater Horizon and the largest spill of oil in the history of marine oil drilling operations. The devastating environmental impacts of the Exxon Valdez spill in 1989 and its media notoriety made it a frequent comparison to the BP Deepwater Horizon spill in the popular press in 2010, even though the nature of the two spills and the environments impacted were vastly different. As of January2013[update], 935personnel were still involved. Visit the Gulf Spill Restoration website for a list of contacts. Boat captains were given the opportunity to offer the use of their boats to help clean and prevent the oil from further spreading. Academy Directory. [74] Pumping heavy drilling fluids into the blowout preventer to restrict the flow of oil before sealing it permanently with cement ("top kill") also failed. Thus, oil that would normally rise to the surface of the water was emulsified into tiny droplets and remained suspended in the water and on the sea floor. [70], It was first thought that oil had not reached as far as Tampa Bay, Florida; however, a study done in 2013 found that one of the plumes of dispersant-treated oil had reached a shelf 80mi (130km) off the Tampa Bay region. Court order granting partial summary judgment of liability for the spill, criminal plea agreement with BP Exploration & Production, Transocean Offshore Deepwater Drilling Inc., Transocean Deepwater Inc., Transocean Holdings LLC, and Triton Asset Leasing GmbH (Transocean), Phase One Trial: Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law on Gross Negligence and Willful Misconduct, Phase Two Trial: Findings of Fact on Source Control and the Amount of Oil Spilled, Ruling on Maximum Dollars-Per-Barrel Penalty Amount, as Adjusted by the Penalty Inflation Act, $14.9 billion civil settlement with BP Exploration & Production. The North American Wetlands Conservation Fund received $100 million from the court fines to support projects on wetlands restoration and conservation in the United States, Canada and Mexico. [11][111], The fundamental strategies for addressing the spill were containment, dispersal and removal. This included its own estimate of both the remaining business economic loss claims and the claims of businesses that opted out of the private settlement agreement, as well as the $20.8 billion settlement with the federal government and five states. Corrections? While the Deepwater Horizon oil spill occurred at a depth of greater than 5,000 feet, deep oil drilling continues in the Gulf of Mexico. [15] Oil continued to be found as far from the Macondo site as the waters off the Florida Panhandle and Tampa Bay, where scientists said the oil and dispersant mixture is embedded in the sand. [169], On 18 May 2010, BP was designated the lead "Responsible Party" under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, which meant that BP had operational authority in coordinating the response. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection . It later emerged through documents released by Wikileaks that a similar incident had occurred on a BP-owned rig in the Caspian Sea in September 2008. [282] Rand Paul accused President Obama of being anti-business and "un-American". When Congress passed the RESTORE Act in 2012, it dedicated 80 percent of all administrative and civil penalties from the responsible parties to ecological and economic recovery efforts in the Gulf. "Health of Exxon Valdez cleanup workers was never studied". This oil sheen decreases the amount of sunlight reaching organisms in the water and forms a barrier between the air and water, blocking oxygen and other necessary nutrients from diffusing into the water. [248], A 2012 survey of the health effects of the spill on cleanup workers reported "eye, nose and throat irritation; respiratory problems; blood in urine, vomit and rectal bleeding; seizures; nausea and violent vomiting episodes that last for hours; skin irritation, burning and lesions; short-term memory loss and confusion; liver and kidney damage; central nervous system effects and nervous system damage; hypertension; and miscarriages". Draft, National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling, "For BP Cleanup, 2013 Meant 4.6 Million Pounds Of Oily Gunk", "Oil from BP spill pushed onto shelf off Tampa Bay by underwater currents, study finds", "Record Dolphin, Sea Turtle Deaths Since Gulf Spill", "Toxins released by oil spills send fish hearts into cardiac arrest", "Fish Embryos Exposed to Oil From BP Spill Develop Deformities, a Study Finds", "Deepwater Horizon Joint Investigation Team Releases Final Report", "BP Mostly, But Not Entirely, to Blame for Gulf Spill National", "Obama oil spill commission's final report blames disaster on cost-cutting by BP and partners", "BP Will Plead Guilty and Pay Over $4 Billion", "BP pleads guilty to manslaughter in 2010 gulf oil spill", "BP suspended from new US federal contracts over Deepwater disaster", "BP Deepwater Horizon costs balloon to $65 billion", "BP May Be Fined Up to $18 Billion for Spill in Gulf", "Deepwater Horizon oil spill settlements: Where the money went", "Transocean:: Deepwater Horizon Drills World's Deepest Oil & Gas Well", "Deepwater Horizon Sinks Offshore Louisiana", "At least 11 workers missing after La. [268][269] Later a six-month offshore drilling (below 500ft (150m) of water) moratorium was enforced by the United States Department of the Interior. Air concentrations of volatile organic compounds and PAHs never exceeded permissible exposure levels. The main nutrients added to stimulate the growth of oil degrading microbes during the BP oil spills are nitrate and sulfate fertilizers [6]. Though similar to the failed top kill, mud could be injected at much lower pressures during the static kill because of the stabilizing influence of the capping stack. [33][34] BP was the operator and principal developer of the Macondo Prospect with a 65% share, while 25% was owned by Anadarko Petroleum, and 10% by MOEX Offshore 2007, a unit of Mitsui.[35]. It was largely settled when a Federal District judge approved the, That 80 percent resulted in $5.3 billion going to the, The remaining 20 percent, or $1.33 billion, went to, The National Academy of Sciences received $500 million to create the, The National Fish and Wildlife Foundations received $2.544 billion for its, NOAA led development of the preliminary restoration planning, along with the U.S. There was a report detailing the release of thousands of tons of hydrocarbon gases (HC) into the atmosphere. Under the final consent decree, BP will pay the trustees up to $8.8 billion, the largest recovery of damages ever for injuries to natural resources, to restore the Gulf. [179][183][184] Some members of Congress criticized the restrictions placed on access by journalists. BP issued a statement strongly disagreeing with the finding, and saying the court's decision would be appealed. But this was only the start of the disaster. According to researchers, there is "some evidence it may have caused lesions in fish caught in that area". Major oil spills in the GoM such as the Deepwater Horizon (DWH 2010) and the Ixtoc 1 (1979) resulted in extensive pollution of the pelagic, sea-floor, and coastal ecosystems. There was a microbial shift in the deepwater community as the chemistry and nature of the oil changed. Please click here to see any active alerts. Calling the vicinity of the spill "one of the most productive ocean ecosystems in the world", the study found that even at very low concentrations "PAH cardiotoxicity was potentially a common form of injury among a broad range of species in the vicinity of the oil. [240] She said that workers from the Valdez spill had suffered long-term health consequences. Two methods of bioremediation were used: bioaugmentation and biostimulation [11]. ", EPA slams Jindal's sand berm plan | wwltv.com New Orleans, "How can human hair mop up the oil spill? Louisiana will receive more than half the funding, $5 billion, since it saw the most significant damage from the spill. Fish and Wildlife Service and the. Based on 16S rRNA gene community analysis, the most prominent group of hydrocarbon degraders detected at contaminated sites were from the genus Pseudomonas [9]. Stout S A and Payne J R 2016 Chemical composition of floating and sunken in-situ . The gas released caused an enormous underwater explosion that sadly took 11 lives and injured 17 others. Marisa Taylor and Renee Schoof for McClatchy Newspapers, 18 May 2010. Many local supporters were disappointed with BP's slow response, prompting the formation of The Florida Key Environmental Coalition. [93], Oil slicks were reported in March[94] and August 2011,[95][96] in March[11] and October 2012,[97][98][99] and in January 2013. [249], Two years after the spill, a study initiated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health found biomarkers matching the oil from the spill in the bodies of cleanup workers. BP was also faced with growing private claim payments estimated at $14.8 billion in October 2016. Microorganisms live in environments of delicate balance; adding such large amounts of hydrocarbons will disrupt this balance with severe consequences [5]. [181] They also said that they wanted to provide access to the information while maintaining safety. restoration plan to address impacts from the spill to the Gulf of Mexico, Trustees final comprehensive restoration plan, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA and the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Partner to Restore Recreational Fish, Rescued from Deepwater Horizon, a Resilient Native Returns to Queen Bess Island, $226 Million in Projects Approved in Gulf Open Ocean Restoration Plan, Two Partners Recommended for Funding to Restore Habitat From Oil and Hazardous Waste Spills, Comments Welcomed on Deepwater Horizon Open Ocean Draft Restoration Plan, Deepwater Horizon Open Ocean Restoration Plan 1 Finalized, Mississippi Acquires Land in Grand Bay with Deepwater Horizon Settlement Funds, NOAA Announces Latest Partnership to Restore Habitats Damaged by Oil and Hazardous Waste, Deepwater Horizon Trustees to Host Two Public Events, July 18 and 19 in Mississippi, A Decade Later: Advances in Oil Spill Science Since Deepwater Horizon, Deepwater Horizon oil spill contributed to high number of Gulf dolphin deaths, https://www.doi.gov/deepwaterhorizon/adminrecord. 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